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(Acknowledgements)
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(Notations, Symbols and Abbreviations)
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(Preface)
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(A Introduction)
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(I Anatomy and physiology of heart valves)
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(I.1 The human heart and circulation)
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(I.2 The cardiac cycle)
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(I.3 How valves function)
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(I.3.1 Atrioventricular valves)
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(I.3.2 Semilunar valves)
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(I.4 Histology of heart valves)
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(I.5 Mechanical properties of the aortic valve leaflets)
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(I.6 Rheology of blood)
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(II Heart valve disease and treatment)
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(II.1 Causes of heart valve disease)
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(II.2 Diagnosis)
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(II.3 Types of heart valve disease)
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(II.3.1 Mitral valve prolapse)
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(II.3.4 Aortic regurgitation)
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(II.5 Recent developments: progress towards a tissue engineered heart valve)
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(III Haemodynamic assessment of heart valves)
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(III.1 Parameters derived from flow and pressure data)
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(III.1.1 Cardiac output)
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(III.1.2 Pressure gradient)
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(III.3 Results from clinical and experimental heart valve studies)
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(III.4 Computational fluid dynamics and fluid-structure interaction of heart valves)
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(III.4.3 Numerical modeling of heart valves)
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(Conclusion)
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(B In vitro studies of heart valves)
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(IV On-X mitral heart valve study)
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(Abstract)
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(IV.1 Introduction)
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(IV.2 Materials and methods)
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(IV.2.2 Pulse Duplicator System: measuring haemodynamic data and transthoracic visualization of transmitral flow.)
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(IV.3 Results)
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(IV.4 Discussion)
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(IV.5 Conclusion)
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(V Omnicarbon aortic heart valve study)
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(V.1 Background and aim of the study.)
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(V.2.3 Pressure and flow data)
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(VI Bioreactor for tissue engineered heart valves)
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(VI.1 Introduction)
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(VI.2 Basic demands of a bioreactor)
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(VI.3.1 Bioreactor design)
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(VI.3.3 Biocompatibility study)
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(VI.4.2 Biocompatibility results)
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(C Fluid-structure interaction models of heart valves)
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(VII Stabilization of a FSI coupling procedure)
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(VII.1 Introduction)
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(VII.3 FSI of an aortic valve)
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(VIII Validation of the FSI model for heart valve modeling)
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(VIII.2.2 Geometry and mesh of the numerical aortic valve model)
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(VIII.5 Conclusions)
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(IX Blood-Leaflet interaction in a mechanical heart valve)
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(IX.2.1 Valve and conduit geometries)
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(IX.2.2 CFD package and remeshing)
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(IX.2.3 Governing Equations)
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(IX.2.4 Blood-Leaflet interaction model)
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(IX.2.6 Derived parameters)
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(IX.3 Results)
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(X Predicting ATS heart valve performance with CFD)
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(X.1 Introduction)
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(X.2 Materials and methods)
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(X.2.1 Valve specifications)
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(X.2.2 Geometrical and boundary conditions)
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(X.2.3 Clinical relevant parameters derived from the model)
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(X.3 Results)
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(X.3.1 `Expanding' geometry)
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(X.3.2 `Straight' geometry)
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(X.3.3 Shear stress distribution)
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(X.4 Discussion)
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(X.5 Conclusion)
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(XI FSI of flexible heart valve)
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(XI.1 Introduction)
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(XI.2 Methods)
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(XI.2.1 A 2D structural model of a flexible heart valve leaflet)
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(XI.2.2 The implicit iteration scheme)
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(XI.2.3 Geometry, meshes and boundary conditions)
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(XI.3 Results)
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(XI.3.1 Flow fields and leaflet motion)
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(XI.3.2 Grid dependence study)
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(XI.3.3 Timestep dependence study)
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(XI.3.4 Application: shear stress on flexible valve leaflets)
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(XI.4 Discussion and Conclusion)
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(XI.5 Model limitations and future developments)
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(XI.6 Aknowledgements)
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(Bibliography)
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<>stream
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