Tissue Regeneration and Organ Printing (TROP)
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Tissue regeneration and tissue engineering
Tissue regeneration and tissue engineering are innovative research domains focused on restoring and reconstructing damaged or lost tissues in the body. Tissue regeneration refers to the body's natural ability to repair damaged tissues, such as after injuries or diseases. However, sometimes, this self-healing capacity is insufficient, leading to significant tissue loss.
Tissue engineering is a field within regenerative medicine that combines the sciences of engineering and biology to create functional tissue. This tissue is produced in vitro and can be used for the regeneration and reconstruction of damaged organs or as a replacement for lost tissue. Furthermore, tissue engineering is capable of modelling in vivo processes, including normal physiological and pathological conditions. Another aim of tissue engineering is the development and testing of drugs within the created tissue.
There are three crucial components within tissue engineering: cells, signals, and scaffolds. This is commonly referred to as the 'triad' of tissue engineering. Tissue is generated by cells located within a scaffold, which is a biomaterial that mimics the natural environment of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is not only essential for cells but also provides ideal conditions for the functioning of growth factors (which form the signals component of the 'triad').
These innovations are of great importance for plastic surgery. Patients undergoing reconstructive procedures, such as after an injury, burn, or mastectomy, can benefit from advanced methods of tissue regeneration and engineering. This allows surgeons to restore damaged tissue more effectively and develop artificial tissues, leading to better aesthetic and functional outcomes. Moreover, these techniques contribute to an improved quality of life for patients, reduce the risk of complications, and can decrease the necessity for follow-up surgeries. By integrating these innovative approaches, plastic surgery can make significant strides in optimizing treatment methods and enhancing outcomes for patients.
Research projects
Survival of adipose tissue and SVF
This research focuses on the development and implementation of innovative technologies that can significantly enhance the survival of adipose tissue and associated stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The primary goal of this research is to improve the viability of autologous fat grafts, which is critical to the success of reconstructive procedures using these techniques.
- researchers: Bernard Depypere, Margot Van Daele
MISpheroID project
Ghent plays a leading role in the field of spheroids and organoids, including a major publication in Nature Methods. Spheroids are small cellular clusters (±300 μm in diameter) that are used as research models for cancer research and as building blocks for tissue engineering. In collaboration with the Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR) of UGent, led by Prof. Olivier De Wever, the fundamental properties of spheroids are being investigated. In addition, we have established the international MISpheroID (Minimal Information for Spheroid IDentity) consortium to develop guidelines for better understanding and reproducing research with spheroids.
- researchers: Arne Peirsman, Michiel Van Waeyenberge
Degradation of biodegradable biomaterials
Interest in biodegradable implants is increasing, with applications ranging from reconstructive surgery to temporary expanders. Accurately predicting the degradation and changes in properties of these materials is essential. One of the key challenges is developing accelerated testing methods for slower degrading polymers such as PLA and PCL. Accelerated degradation studies are currently being conducted for biopolymers, with a focus on designs for breast expanders. Comparisons are being made between acidic, basic and enzymatic conditions at different temperatures, with results validated with in vivo data. In addition, in silico models are developed to simulate implantation and degradation, improving preparation for in vivo studies and increasing their efficiency.
- researchers: Nicole Ritter, Whitney Van Damme
Development of a standardized autologous fat graft enriched with platelets
In collaboration with the Transfusion Research Center (TReC)(Dutch website) of Red Cross Flanders, research is being conducted on the potential of platelets in stabilizing adipose tissue and creating an optimal supportive environment. This project focuses on enhancing fat grafting by using a matrix of platelets, to promote the survival of transplanted fat cells. As a result, better and more consistent soft tissue reconstruction can be achieved. The results of this study could foresee a significant improvement in autologous fat grafts and offer valuable perspectives for the treatment of burns, as well as for applications in tissue engineering.
- researchers: Marie-Laurence De Prest, Hendrik Feys
3D bioprinting of vasculature
A crucial element in the biofabrication of large organs is the development of an adequate vascular network. This includes both a microvascular network that exceeds diffusion limits for oxygen and nutrients and a macrovascular network that allows rapid blood flow after connection to an in vitro or in vivo nutrient source. This research project aims to develop an innovative vascular model for organ biofabrication that will include both macro- and microvasculature. The macrovasculature will be created using 3D bioprinting technology with newly developed biomaterials. The microvascular network will be formed by angiogenetic sprouting from the macrovasculature to induced vascularized microtissues, using porous biomaterials and self-amplifying RNA technology. This innovative model can be directly connected to the vascular system of the recipient organism, enabling the transplantation of large 3D bioprinted organs.
- researchers: Florian Vanlauwe, Thaïs De Witte, Charlotte Dermaux, Alexandra Cleyman, Arjen Dewaele, Viktor Eeckhout, Amber De Meulenaere, Stef Vermeiren, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Niek Sanders
Prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars
Burns, surgical wounds and wounds after trauma lead to a complex biological process of wound healing. Preventive measures and symptomatic treatments are essential to optimally support this process and prevent the development of hypertrophic scars. Hypertrophic scars are a common problem following burns and can present both physical and cosmetic concerns for patients. Treatment of these scars involves several strategies, including UV protection, hydration, pressure therapy and, if necessary, minimally invasive procedures such as corticoid infiltrations. One promising minimally invasive technique is the use of micro-needles, which allow medication to be administered directly to the dermis. This method offers several advantages, including increased efficacy and reduced patient discomfort. Our research into the application of micro-needles has yielded positive results, and our current focus is on developing micro-needles that provide controlled and sustained release of medication. Micro-needles show great potential in the treatment of various medical conditions, including cancer, arthritis and various dermatological problems. In addition, they can also serve as less painful alternatives to traditional injections, which is especially beneficial for pediatric patients.
- researchers: Karel Claes, Ignace De Decker, Julie Van Durme, Marie Simaey
Dynamics of cellular communication
A fundamental step in the development of high-quality biomaterials for soft tissue reconstruction after breast cancer is to thoroughly understand the human cellular and molecular processes required to create and maintain complex tissues. In this study, the cellular microenvironment of autologous fat grafting is being closely mapped. In the process, key mediators that play a crucial role in angiogenesis, adipogenesis and fat cell survival are visualized.
Cells operate as architects of their environment and are responsible for the maintenance, regeneration and remodelling of tissues through precise signalling. A deep understanding of this dynamic communication is of great importance as it provides insight into the tissue engineering of complex tissues. Within this research area, the interaction between cells in adipose tissue is studied, to identify and exploit specific signals to support the development of complex tissues outside the human body.
- researchers: Mohammad Ghiasloo, Laura Schelfaut, Esther Hoste
Collaborations
Our department works closely with scientists in various fields, including the Orthopaedics and Traumatology Research Group, the Gynaecology Research Group, the Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), the Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), the Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group (PBM), the Laboratory of Gene Therapy, the Gene Cell Tissue Engineering (GATE) platform, the Ghent-Fertility and Stem cell Team (G-FaST) and the Ghent Academy of Plastic Surgery (GAPS). In addition, since 2024, we have established a collaboration with Wake Forest University.
4Tissue
4Tissue, a biotech company specializing in tissue engineering, focuses on developing innovative biointeractive hydrogels and applying this technology in in vivo situations. This research includes using natural biomaterials, such as gelatin, to create biocompatible and degradable solutions for breast reconstruction. The company was founded in collaboration with Prof. dr. Phillip Blondeel and Prof. dr. Sandra Van Vlierberghe.
4Tissue aims to develop natural and minimally invasive treatments for tissue reconstruction and regeneration. Using cutting-edge scientific insights and a multidisciplinary team of experts, 4Tissue aims to shape the future of regenerative medicine and improve outcomes for patients worldwide.
Breast Engineering Fund
The Breast Engineering Fund was established in 2016 by Prof. Dr. Phillip Blondeel to make breast reconstruction research possible through donations. These contributions not only support research but also indirectly contribute to the well-being and peace of mind of women affected by ablative surgery after breast cancer.
Would you like to support the groundbreaking research of Prof. Dr. Phillip Blondeel and his team? Then donate!
Publications
Questions?
Researchers and interested parties are always welcome to reach out to Dr Bernard Depypere (Bernard.Depypere@UGent.be), the head of research, or Prof. Dr. Phillip Blondeel (Phillip.Blondeel@UGent.be), the department head. They are ready to answer questions, share information, and provide support regarding their expertise and ongoing research. Feel free to contact them for further collaboration or to gain deeper insights into their work.